shirleyanntr

basic 3

this is about THE...in fact there is no THE in Turkish
İn english THE is called the definite article
A or AN are indefinite articles.
İn turkish the definite article is a suffix or ending which is used in a sentence and shows the object of the sentence...making it the direct object.
Getting to grips with this is one of the hardest parts for new learners..but if you take it in early on you will be ok.
BUT DON'T WORRY THİS ONE İS *****a stinker.

the suffix like all suffixes is harmony related..so get over it!!
its İ-Ü..I-U..after words that end in a consonant
after a word that ends in a vowel it takes a Y or an N as a buffer between the vowels.
there are three buffer letters S -Y-N
S is used only with the 3rd person singular..ie. he/she/it..and I explained it with the personal endings..so have a look!
Y is used with a noun that hasn't or isnt taking any other endings..as in the examples below
N is a bit more difficult and once you are ok with Y we will look at the extended endings which do away with the Y and use N..and frighten the life out of you when you first come across them

lets look first at a basic english sentence..(forgive me if its too simple..its for my benefit to put it across)
the man painted the car..
the man is the subject
painted is the verb
what did the man paint..the car
the car is the object.
this in turkish is
Adam arabayı boyadı
araba is taking THE as a direct object
araba-Y-I
the Y is a buffer letter..the direct object ending is I
the man painted THE car..not any old car..THE car..araba-y-I

lets look at another example
Jane read the book
Jane kıtabı okurdu
kitap..is book..kitabı the book..
don't worry about the P to B change at this stage..its really to avoid a hard sound

Jane read MY book
Jane kitabımı.okurdu
kitab+ım..my book..and my book is still the verb's object..therefore still takes the direct object suffix...hence
kitab+ım+ı

Here's another
Gary bira içti
Gary drank beer
Gary birayı içti
Gary drank THE beer. (tchTch)

and another..and using the indefinite article A or AN
plus the ending for in/on/at..DE/DA
SokakTA bir araba var..its Ta not Da for the sound.
street in A car there is..no ending needed.
var means there is..and you will hear it a lot


and yet another
Sende para var mı?..
on you is there money..have you any money?
Sen+DE you+ in /on/at ending..making sende..on you
and then this one using THE money.
'Parayı aldın mı ?
'did you take the money.?'
Mİ is the question marker..if you hear it you know you are being asked a question.?
ask anything you're not clear about..but really this is a strange concept for english speakers...and a great feeling when you finally say AAH! now i get it!.

yes..ive been busy cos i might be off line..for a day or two..might not ..so i may inundate you with stuff ..sorry
yusufs sister had a baby before xmas..and now she's been diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis..terrible..she's only 34..
so we are a bit upside down..doing this helps me to keep my mind off it 'til we know more.